This file was created by the TYPO3 extension bib --- Timezone: CET Creation date: 2021-03-05 Creation time: 21-53-26 --- Number of references 15 article ISI:000345696200099 SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS 2014 46 1, SI 397-400 The discharge between a platinum electrode and different metallic monolayers on a silicon substrate produced sub-micrometric structures. The scanning electron microscope images showed the formation of craters with cones, holes, corona, and other exotic structures. The atomic force microscopy images allowed evaluating the depth and height of these complex structures together with the chemical information as determined by NanoSIMS imaging. The plasma impacts locally removed the mono-layer and the bilayer down to the bare silicon substrate. In order to convert the acquired NanoSIMS images into a true three-dimensional distribution of the analyzed species, the SIMS images are overlapped with the corresponding atomic force microscopy images of the same probed area. This analysis method allows a visualization of a complex 3D structure and helps understand the formation mechanisms of the streamer impact. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Audinot, JN (Reprint Author), Ctr Rech Publ Gabriel Lippmann, SAM Dept, 41 Rue Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. Audinot, J. -N.; Grysan, P.; Fleming, Y., Ctr Rech Publ Gabriel Lippmann, SAM Dept, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. Hamdan, A.; Noel, C.; Kosior, F.; Henrion, G.; Belmonte, T., Univ Lorraine, Inst Jean Lamour, CNRS, UMR 7198,CS 50840, F-54011 Nancy, France. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul imaging; combinaison; characterization; plasma; nanosims; 3D WILEY-BLACKWELL

111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA

ULVAC PHI Inc; CAMECA; ION TOF GmbH Article; Proceedings Paper English 0142-2421 10.1002/sia.5635 J. -N.Audinot A.Hamdan P.Grysan Y.Fleming C.Noel F.Kosior G.Henrion T.Belmonte article ISI:000330735200004 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE 2014 45 1 13-21 Gas-stirring ladle treatment of liquid metal has been pointed out for a long time as the processing stage is mainly responsible for the inclusion population of specialty steels. A steel ladle is a complex three-phase reactor, where strongly dispersed inclusions are transported by the turbulent liquid metal/bubbles flow. We have coupled a population balance model with CFD in order to simulate the mechanisms of transport, aggregation, flotation, and surface entrapment of inclusions. The simulation results, when applied to an industrial gas-stirring ladle operation, show the efficiency of this modeling approach and allow us to compare the respective roles of these mechanisms on the inclusion removal rate. The comparison with literature reporting data emphasizes the good prediction of deoxidating rate of the ladle. On parallel, a simplified zero-dimensional model has been set-up incorporating the same kinetics law for the aggregation rate and all the removal mechanisms. A particular attention has been paid on the averaging method of the hydrodynamics parameters introduced in the flotation and kinetics kernels. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul 1073-5615 10.1007/s11663-013-9940-7 Jean-PierreBellot ValerioDe Felice BernardDussoubs AlainJardy StephaneHans article ISI:000343348800002 SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY 2014 255 3-7 Various ruthenium dioxide nanostructures were grown locally by the oxidation of ruthenium samples with an Ar-O-2 microwave micro-afterglow operated at atmospheric pressure. A special attention was paid to the distribution of the surface temperature of the sample which evolves between 530 K and 820 K. Whatever the treatment time, the temperature and the gas composition set within the studied ranges, a general nanostructure, made of lamellae separated by 20-50 nm, is found. When the temperature rises, localized nano-sea urchins, nanotubes with square sections, nano-needles, and more complex structures are found spread over the surface. Treated surfaces were characterized by different surface diagnostics (SEM, XRD, SIMS, etc.) Finally, a growth mechanism is proposed emphasizing the role of emerging defects and stress on the appearance of localized nanostructures. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Belmonte, T (Reprint Author), Univ Lorraine, Inst Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, F-54042 Nancy, France. Saa, D. Kuete; Kosior, F.; Al Taweel, A.; Gries, T.; Belmonte, T., Univ Lorraine, Inst Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, F-54042 Nancy, France. Saa, D. Kuete; Laminsi, S., Univ Yaounde I, Lab Chim Minerale, Yaounde 812, Cameroon. Cardoso, R. P., Univ Fed Parana, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Gries, T.; Belmonte, T., CNRS, Inst Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, F-54042 Nancy, France. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul RuO2; Nanostructuration; Localized growth; Micro-plasma; Afterglow ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA

PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND

Article English 0257-8972 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.10.040 D. KueteSaa R. P.Cardoso F.Kosior A.Al Taweel T.Gries S.Laminsi T.Belmonte article ISI:000336207900017 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS 2014 47 22, SI Discharge-surface interaction in liquids includes many phenomena which are reviewed in this work. This is used to examine results in the area of nanoparticle synthesis and to propose a general sketch of formation mechanisms. Belmonte, T (Reprint Author), Univ Lorraine, CNRS, Dept CP2S, Inst Jean Lamour, Parc Saurupt,CS 50840, F-54011 Nancy, France. Belmonte, T.; Hamdan, A.; Kosior, F.; Noel, C.; Henrion, G., Univ Lorraine, CNRS, Dept CP2S, Inst Jean Lamour, F-54011 Nancy, France. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul discharges in liquids; plasma-surface interactions; nanoparticle synthesis IOP PUBLISHING LTD

TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND

Article English 0022-3727 10.1088/0022-3727/47/22/224016 T.Belmonte A.Hamdan F.Kosior C.Noel G.Henrion article ISI:000315834800005 ISIJ INTERNATIONAL 2013 53 2 213-220 The present study aims to understand the melting of the consumable electrode in the VAR process and gain some insight into the influence of an ensemble arc motion on the melting behaviour. In a previous study, a 2D axisymmetric model of the heat transfer in the cathode had been developed. Using the operating parameters as model inputs, it enabled prediction of the melt rate and the evolution of the melting area. Model results were successfully compared to melt rate measurements in an industrial VAR furnace. In recent years, it has been claimed that the electric arc may not be considered as steady and axisymmetric. Our experimental investigation of the luminosity recorded during an actual VAR heat confirms that a transient 3D behaviour may take place. Therefore, a 3D version of the previous model was set up to predict the heat transfer and melting of the electrode, using the unknown ensemble arc motion as an input. The arc is assimilated to a transient distribution of energy flux density. Results evidence that the influence of the arc motion on the shape of the electrode tip can be very important. In industrial practice, the cathode tip usually remains relatively flat during melting. The shapes of the computed electrode tips enable us to propose some arc parameters which remain compatible with both the periodic behaviour of the light emitted and the flatness of the electrode. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul 0915-1559 10.2355/isijinternational.53.213 AlainJardy PierreChapelle AshishMalik Jean-PierreBellot HerveCombeau BernardDussoubs article ISI:000322738900034 JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013 134 2, 1 991-1000 The determination of the initial pressure at the bubble wall created by a discharge in heptane for micro-gap conditions cannot be determined straightforwardly by modeling the time-oscillations of the bubble. The resolution of the Gilmore equation gives the same solutions beyond 1 mu s typically for various sets of initial parameters, making impossible the determination of the initial pressure at the bubble wall. Furthermore, the very first instant of the bubble formation is not easily accessible at very short time scales because of the plasma emission. Since the pressure waves propagate in the liquid, it is much easier to gain information on the first instants of the bubble formation by studying the pressure field far from the emission source. Then, it is possible to deduce by modeling what happened at the beginning of the emission of the pressure waves. The proposed solution consists in looking at the oscillations affecting another bubble located at least twice farther from the interelectrode gap than the maximum radius reached by the discharge bubble. The initial plasma pressure can be determined by this method. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. Belmonte, T (Reprint Author), Univ Lorraine, Inst Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Parc Saurupt,CS 14234, F-54042 Nancy, France. Hamdan, A.; Noel, C.; Kosior, F.; Henrion, G.; Belmonte, T., Univ Lorraine, Inst Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, F-54042 Nancy, France. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS

STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA

Article English 0001-4966 10.1121/1.4812255 A.Hamdan C.Noel F.Kosior G.Henrion T.Belmonte article ISI:000314724500014 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2013 113 4 Modes of energy dissipation in impacts made on various materials (Al, Cu, Fe, and Si) by discharges in heptane are investigated for micro-gap conditions. Bulk metals and thin films of 300 nm in thickness deposited on silicon wafers are used as samples. Positive high voltage pulses with nanosecond rise times make it possible to isolate a single discharge and to study the way the charge delivered by the power supply is transferred to the larger electrode (the sample) in a pin-to-plate configuration. The diameter of the impacts created by the plasma varies linearly versus the charge raised at a power close to 0.5. However, the exact value of the power depends on the material. We also show how the impact morphologies change with the applied charge. At high charges, the diameters of impacts on thin films behave as those made on silicon. At low charges, they behave as the bulk material. Finally, we show that the energy dissipated in impacts is below a few percent. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. <prt>[</prt>http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4780786] Belmonte, T (Reprint Author), Univ Lorraine, Inst Jean Lamour, CNRS, UMR 7198, F-54042 Nancy, France. Hamdan, A.; Noel, C.; Kosior, F.; Henrion, G.; Belmonte, T., Univ Lorraine, Inst Jean Lamour, CNRS, UMR 7198, F-54042 Nancy, France. Noel, C.; Kosior, F.; Henrion, G.; Belmonte, T., Inst Jean Lamour, CNRS, UMR 7198, F-54042 Nancy, France. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul AMER INST PHYSICS

CIRCULATION &amp; FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA

Article English 0021-8979 10.1063/1.4780786 A.Hamdan C.Noel F.Kosior G.Henrion T.Belmonte article ISI:000325367100003 ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2013 15 10 885-892 Discharges in heptane in pin-to-plate configuration are produced between a platinum wire and a (100)-oriented silicon wafer coated by a carbon nanotube (CNT) carpet. This carpet is used to simulate the behavior of a nanostructured surface in electro-discharge machining (EDM) where small protrusions on the surface could play a similar role. CNTs behave like simple electrical conductors between the discharge and the silicon wafer. They act as if they would focus the current on smaller areas. The average diameter of impacts is about five times smaller if the silicon wafer is coated by a CNT carpet. The underlying silicon surface is heated by the plasma and melts, forming a central spot surrounded by a serrated trailing edge. The current density being about one order of magnitude larger when a CNT carpet is present, the induced magnetic field stirs the molten silicon, creating serrations all around the impact. Hot nanoparticles of carbon coming from the plasma fall and roll randomly on the silicon surface where they create wavy micro-channels. Nanowires that are detached from the surface are covered by nanoparticles of platinum in the plasma and embedded within an amorphous carbon layer deposited on the nanotube. However, these effects can only be observed if the current density is high enough (&gt;approximate to 10A mu m(-2) depending on the material) like in micro-EDM but not in nano-EDM. Hamdan, A (Reprint Author), Univ Lorraine, Inst Jean Lamour, CNRS, UMR 7198, F-54042 Nancy, France. Hamdan, Ahmad; Migot-Choux, Sylvie; Noel, Cedric; Kosior, Francis; Henrion, Gerard; Belmonte, Thierry, Univ Lorraine, Inst Jean Lamour, CNRS, UMR 7198, F-54042 Nancy, France. Audinot, Jean-Nicolas, Ctr Rech Publ Gabriel Lippmann, SAM Dept, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH

BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY

Article English 1438-1656 10.1002/adem.201300106 AhmadHamdan Jean-NicolasAudinot SylvieMigot-Choux CedricNoel FrancisKosior GerardHenrion ThierryBelmonte article ISI:000318598600058 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE 2013 274 378-391 Interaction of discharges in heptane with magnetron-sputtered thin films made of aluminum, copper or iron is studied in a pin-to-plate configuration. The behavior of discharges on thin films can be used to better understand the interaction of discharges with given surfaces and it might also improve the reproducibility of the impacts in order to better control their shape. Single layers and bilayers of metals are characterized after impact by SEM, AFM, micro-EDX and nano-SIMS analyses. Discharges last typically for a few hundreds of nanoseconds and dissipated energies range between 1 and 100 mJ. We show that at low impact energy, copper and aluminum are heated and stretched by surface stress. At intermediate energy, melting occurs, leading to the synthesis of external beads by Marangoni's convection. At high energy, the shape of the impact is defined by the pressure release when the discharge stops. When iron is deposited onto silicon, dewetting is an important mechanism. The columnar structure of the deposit may have two distinct roles. On the one hand, gases trapped in intercolumnar boundaries can produce tiny holes. On the other hand, the shock wave can abrade the outermost and less cohesive part of the film if it is made of columns separated by large porosities. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Belmonte, T (Reprint Author), Univ Lorraine, Inst Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, F-54011 Nancy, France. Hamdan, A.; Noel, C.; Kosior, F.; Henrion, G.; Belmonte, T., Univ Lorraine, Inst Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, F-54011 Nancy, France. Audinot, J. -N., Ctr Rech Publ Gabriel Lippmann, SAM Dept, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. Noel, C.; Kosior, F.; Henrion, G.; Belmonte, T., CNRS, Inst Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, F-54011 Nancy, France. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul Microplasma; Plasma in liquids; Plasma-surface interaction; Thin films ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS

Article English 0169-4332 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.03.074 A.Hamdan J. -N.Audinot C.Noel F.Kosior G.Henrion T.Belmonte article ISI:000320674500016 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2013 113 21 The main processes related to discharges between pin and plate electrodes in hydrocarbon liquid (heptane) are modelled for micro-gap (from 10 to 100 mu m) conditions. When a plasma channel hits the surface, a micro-crater is created. The different phenomena controlling the geometry (shape and dimension) of a single crater are described and included in a theoretical model developed for the specific case of pure aluminium. The influence of the most important parameters affecting the geometry of the crater is discussed. Among them, one finds the pressure exerted by the plasma on the liquid metal. It is found that the distribution of the pressure applied on the liquid pool changes significantly the way the plasma shapes the pool. It is assumed that at high charges, the pressure profile is tilted from the channel axis, leading to the formation of a central protrusion. On the other hand, we demonstrate that Thomson-Marangoni forces play an important role for crater diameters smaller than 5 mu m. Then, the choice of the first derivative of the surface tension with respect to the temperature is a key factor. This effect is strongly related to the way convection displaces matter in the liquid pool. Finally, the quenching step is sufficiently fast to freeze the liquid shape as soon as the plasma vanishes. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. Belmonte, T (Reprint Author), Univ Lorraine, CNRS, Dept CP2S, Inst Jean Lamour, Parc Saurupt,CS 50840, F-54011 Nancy, France. Hamdan, A.; Kosior, F.; Noel, C.; Henrion, G.; Gries, T.; Belmonte, T., Univ Lorraine, CNRS, Dept CP2S, Inst Jean Lamour, F-54011 Nancy, France. Audinot, J-N, Ctr Rech Publ Gabriel Lippmann, SAM Dept, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul AMER INST PHYSICS

CIRCULATION &amp; FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA

Article English 10.1063/1.4809766 A.Hamdan F.Kosior C.Noel G.Henrion J-NAudinot T.Gries T.Belmonte article ISI:000306630500014 ISIJ INTERNATIONAL 2012 52 7 1273-1280 The treatment of liquid metal in gas-stirred ladles has long been identified as the main process responsible for the inclusion cleanness in special steels. Four university teams and three steels developers have combined their efforts through a project, supported by French National Research Agency, in order to improve the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved during the ladle treatment. In this paper, the contribution of the Institut Jean Lamour to this program, that bears the acronym CIREM, is presented. Using a commercial CFD code as a basis, a three-dimensional simulation model is developed that includes the geometry and industrial operating conditions. The hydrodynamics of the turbulent metal/bubbles mixture is well represented along with the coupled mechanisms of transport, aggregation and surface entrapment of inclusions. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul 0915-1559 article ISI:000290719900005 PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE &amp; TECHNOLOGY 2011 20 2 This paper describes several specific aspects of atmospheric plasma deposition carried out with a microwave resonant cavity. Deposition over a wide substrate is first studied. We show that high deposition rates (several hundreds of mu m h(-1)) are due to localization of fluxes on the substrate by convection when slightly turbulent flows are used. Next, we describe possible routes to localize deposition over a nanometre-sized area. Scaling down atmospheric plasma deposition is possible and two strategies to reach nanometre scales are described. Finally, we study self-organization of SiO(2) nanodots deposited by chemical vapour deposition at atmospheric pressure enhanced by an Ar-O(2) micro-afterglow operating at high temperature (&gt;1200 K). When the film being deposited is thin enough (similar to 500 nm) nanodots are obtained and they can be assembled into threads to create patterned surfaces. When the coating becomes thicker (similar to 1 mu m), and for relatively high content in HMDSO, SiO(2) walls forming hexagonal cells are obtained. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul IOP PUBLISHING LTD

DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND

Article; Proceedings Paper English 0963-0252 10.1088/0963-0252/20/2/024004 T.Belmonte T.Gries R. P.Cardoso G.Arnoult F.Kosior G.Henrion article ISI:000290187100009 THIN SOLID FILMS 2011 519 13 4177-4185 The post-discharge of a microwave resonant cavity working at atmospheric pressure is used to enhance deposition of SiOx thin films from HMDSO by chemical vapor deposition. Maximum static deposition rates are close to 150 mu m h(-1) for low power consumption per unit of coated width (similar to 100 W/cm). Dynamic deposition rates are close to 3.5 nm ms(-1). The distribution of the coating thickness is heterogeneous over an area of 150 x 90 mm(2). The influence of the main parameters of the process is systematically studied to show how the key reactions, i.e. gas phase synthesis of powders and surface deposition, are correlated. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; Hexamethyldisiloxane; Microwave assisted chemical vapor deposition; Resonant cavity; Afterglow; Post discharge ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA

PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND

Article English 0040-6090 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.02.003 R. P.Cardoso T.Belmonte F.Kosior G.Henrion E.Tixhon article ISI:000289512700022 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS 2011 44 17 The origin of organization of nanostructured silica coatings deposited on stainless steel substrates by remote microplasma at atmospheric pressure is investigated. We show by resorting to thermal camera measurements coupled with modelling that deposition, limited to a few seconds in time, occurs at low temperature (similar to below 420 K) although the gas temperature may reach 1400 K. Raman analyses of deposited films with thicknesses below 1 mu m show the presence of oxidized silicon bonded to the metallic surface. The origin of nanodots is explained as follows. Close to the microplasma nozzle, the concentration of oxidizing species and/or the temperature being high enough, a silica thin film is obtained, leading to ceramic-metallic oxide interface that leads to a Volmer-Weber growth mode and to the synthesis of 3D structures over long treatment times. Far from the nozzle, the reactivity decreasing, thin films get a plasma-polymer like behaviour which leads to a Franck-Van der Merwe growth mode and films with a higher density. Other nanostructures, made of hexagonal cells, are observed but remain unexplained. Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul IOP PUBLISHING LTD

TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND

Article English 10.1088/0022-3727/44/17/174022 G.Arnoult T.Belmonte F.Kosior M.Dossot G.Henrion article ISI:000266263300026 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2009 105 9 Filamentation in an argon plasma is studied using a microwave cavity at atmospheric pressure. We show that the size and gas temperature of the filaments increase with the power absorbed by the plasma. The appearance of an additional filament occurs at specific values of the absorbed power. Each new filament appears with a smaller diameter than that of its parent filament but the sum of the diameters of all filaments evolves linearly with the absorbed power. A secondary filament emerges from a set of microfilaments created by a perturbation of the electric field (a slight increase in the incident power above a threshold value). This perturbation occurs over a larger radius than that of the parent filament. By resorting to modeling, we found that the filamentation process involves either a decrease in the effective frequency for momentum-transfer collisions, i.e., a lower electron temperature, or an increase in the electron density. We could show that a small change in the relative positions occupied by two filaments in the microwave cavity requires a strong variation in the electron temperature. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. <prt>[</prt>DOI: 10.1063/1.3125525] Centre de Compétences : ERMIONE informatique et calcul AMER INST PHYSICS

CIRCULATION &amp; FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA

Article English 0021-8979 R. P.Cardoso T.Belmonte C.Noel F.Kosior G.Henrion